Rakennuksen hiilijalanjäljen arviointi: Järvenpään Hyvinvointikampuksen päiväkoti

Hiilijalanjälki on noussut erityisesti mediassa viime aikoina suuresti esiin. Sen arviointi on kuitenkin varsinkin rakennusalalla ollut varsin vähäistä, ja on johtunut kansallisten toimintatapojen ja yhteisten menetelmien puuttumisesta. Viime vuoden osalta ovat ympäristöministeriö yhteistyössä Green Building Council Finlandin kanssa kehittäneet ensimmäisen konkreettisen arviointimenetelmän, jonka avulla rakennuksen elinkaaren ympäristövaikutuksia ja hiilijalanjälkeä voidaan arvioida. Opinnäytetyön alkuosassa käsitellään ilmastonmuutosta ja sen keskeisimpiä käsitteitä. Myöhemmin siinä käydään läpi uutta arviointimenetelmää ja sen käyttöä sekä sillä suoritettua hiilijalanjäljen arviointia Järvenpäässä sijaitsevaan Hyvinvointikampuksen päiväkotiin. Työn loppuosa koostui arvioinnin avulla suoritetuista vertailuista elinkaaren eri vaiheiden ja rakennesuunnittelun kannalta tärkeiden rakenneosien vaikutuksista kasvihuonekaasupäästöihin. Tuloksia vertaillaan myös nollaE Oy:n aiemmin kohteesta laatimaan arvioon rakennuksen hiilijalanjäljestä. Tavoitteina työllä oli kehittää erityisesti omaa ja työntilaajan Vahanen Suunnittelupalvelut Oy:n osaamista sekä tietotaitoa hiilijalanjäljen arvioinnista ja ennen kaikkea tuottaa Järvenpään Hyvinvointikampuksen päiväkotiin onnistunut hiilijalanjäljen arviointi. Opinnäytetyön lopputuloksissa oli nähtävissä rakennesuunnittelun kannalta kantavienrakenteiden merkitys hiilijalanjäljen torjunnassa sekä hallinnassa. Toisaalta vertailut toivat esiin myös hiilijalanjäljen kompleksisuuden ja pientenkin suunnittelu- ja materiaalivalintojen merkitykset kasvihuonekaasupäästöjen kitkemisessä. Itse arvioinnin ja siihen kehitetyn menetelmän kriittisimmät virheet kohdistuivat laskennan toistettavuuteen ja sen tarkkuuteen.The carbon footprint has received plenty of attention recently, especially in the media. However, its actual assessment, particularly in the construction sector, has been minimal and caused by the lack of common national policies and methods. In 2019, the Ministry of the Environment, in cooperation with Green Building Council Finland, developed the first concrete assessment method to enable the evaluation of the environmental impact and carbon footprint of the building’s entire life cycle. This Bachelor’s thesis was commissioned by Vahanen Design Services Oy. The purpose of the thesis was to develop the company’s expertise and knowhow in carbon footprint assessment and to produce a successful Carbon Footprint Assessment for the Day Care Wellness Campus in the city of Järvenpää. First, climate change and its key concepts were discussed. Then, the new evaluation method and its use were discussed including the carbon footprint assessment carried out for the Day Care Wellness Campus in the city of Järvenpää. Finally, comparisons were made to find out the impacts of the different phases of the life cycle and structural designs of the relevant structures on the greenhouse gas emissions. The results were also compared with the previous estimate of the carbon footprint of the same building completed by the company nollaE Oy. The results of the thesis show the significance of load-bearing structures in terms of structural design in the fight and control against carbon footprint. On the other hand, comparisons also highlighted the complexity of carbon footprint and the importance of small design and material selections to eradicate greenhouse gas emissions. The critical errors in the evaluation and the method were found in the repeatability of the calculation and its accuracy

Maternal asthma is associated with increased risk of perinatal mortality

Background Asthma is the most common chronic disease during pregnancy and it may have influence on pregnancy outcome. Objectives Our goal was to assess the association between maternal asthma and the perinatal risks as well as possible effects of asthma medication. Methods The study was based on a nationwide Finnish register-based cohort between the years 1996 and 2012 in the Drug and Pregnancy Database. The register data comprised 962 405 singleton live and stillbirths, 898 333 (93.3%) pregnancies in mothers with neither confirmed asthma nor use of asthma medication (controls), and 26 674 (2.8%) pregnancies with confirmed maternal asthma. 71% of mothers with asthma used asthma medication. The diagnosis of asthma was based on the mothers' right for subsidised medication which is carefully evaluated by strict criteria including pulmonary function testing. Odds ratio was used in comparison. Premature birth (PB), low birth weight, small for gestational age (SGA), neonatal death were the main outcome measures. Results Maternal asthma was associated with adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for perinatal mortality 1.24 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.46), preterm birth 1.18 (1.11 to 1.25), low birth weight 1.29 (1.21 to 1.37), fetal growth restriction (SGA) 1.32, (1.24 to 1.40), and asphyxia 1.09 (1.02 to 1.17). Asthma treatment reduced the increased risk of preterm birth aOR 0.85 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.96) but mothers with treated asthma had higher risks of fetal growth restriction (SGA) aOR 1.26 (1.10 to 1.45), and asphyxia aOR 1.37 (1.17 to 1.61) than mothers with untreated asthma. Conclusion Asthma is associated with increased risks of perinatal mortality, preterm birth, low birth weight, fetal growth restriction (SGA), and asphyxia. Asthma treatment reduces the risk of preterm delivery, but it does not seem to reduce other complications such as perinatal mortality.Peer reviewe

Radiologisten tutkimusten luokittelulle on monta käyttötarkoitusta

On tärkeää, että koko maassa on käytössä yhteneväiset radiologiset nimikkeet ja koodisto. Kanta-arkiston käyttöönotto korostaa luokituksen merkitystä.Peer reviewe

Erikoissairaanhoidon episodien laskeminen kansallisessa tilastoinnissa : Arviointihankkeen loppuraportti

Benchmarking-hank

Towards an International Classification for Patient Safety: the conceptual framework

Global advances in patient safety have been hampered by the lack of a uniform classification of patient safety concepts. This is a significant barrier to developing strategies to reduce risk, performing evidence-based research and evaluating existing healthcare policies relevant to patient safety. Since 2005, the World Health Organization's World Alliance for Patient Safety has undertaken the Project to Develop an International Classification for Patient Safety (ICPS) to devise a classification which transforms patient safety information collected from disparate systems into a common format to facilitate aggregation, analysis and learning across disciplines, borders and time. A drafting group, comprised of experts from the fields of patient safety, classification theory, health informatics, consumer/patient advocacy, law and medicine, identified and defined key patient safety concepts and developed an internationally agreed conceptual framework for the ICPS based upon existing patient safety classifications. The conceptual framework was iteratively improved through technical expert meetings and a two-stage web-based modified Delphi survey of over 250 international experts. This work culminated in a conceptual framework consisting of ten high level classes: incident type, patient outcomes, patient characteristics, incident characteristics, contributing factors/hazards, organizational outcomes, detection, mitigating factors, ameliorating actions and actions taken to reduce risk. While the framework for the ICPS is in place, several challenges remain. Concepts need to be defined, guidance for using the classification needs to be provided, and further real-world testing needs to occur to progressively refine the ICPS to ensure it is fit for purpos

Towards an International Classification for Patient Safety: the conceptual framework

Global advances in patient safety have been hampered by the lack of a uniform classification of patient safety concepts. This is a significant barrier to developing strategies to reduce risk, performing evidence-based research and evaluating existing healthcare policies relevant to patient safety. Since 2005, the World Health Organization's World Alliance for Patient Safety has undertaken the Project to Develop an International Classification for Patient Safety (ICPS) to devise a classification which transforms patient safety information collected from disparate systems into a common format to facilitate aggregation, analysis and learning across disciplines, borders and time. A drafting group, comprised of experts from the fields of patient safety, classification theory, health informatics, consumer/patient advocacy, law and medicine, identified and defined key patient safety concepts and developed an internationally agreed conceptual framework for the ICPS based upon existing patient safety classifications. The conceptual framework was iteratively improved through technical expert meetings and a two-stage web-based modified Delphi survey of over 250 international experts. This work culminated in a conceptual framework consisting of ten high level classes: incident type, patient outcomes, patient characteristics, incident characteristics, contributing factors/hazards, organizational outcomes, detection, mitigating factors, ameliorating actions and actions taken to reduce risk. While the framework for the ICPS is in place, several challenges remain. Concepts need to be defined, guidance for using the classification needs to be provided, and further real-world testing needs to occur to progressively refine the ICPS to ensure it is fit for purpose